In the first chapter, Kevern Verney, from the Declaration on the growth of urban population in American society over the last decades of the 19th Due to internal migration and immigration, particularly abroad century.
Between 1880 and 1921, the majority of immigrants from southern and eastern European countries have entered, but during the World War, because of war conditions and legal restrictions were European immigration and the growth Industrial Great Migration (1915-1925), where 7 million resultedAfro-Americans fleeing racism in rural southern United States cities. Indeed, were offended by the city in the south, for whatever reason, like people, property, and created on the opposite side of the boom in industrial production, employment opportunities for blacks in the North. Their situation in the north was better, but racism was present there.
Initially, the young African-Americans, but racial tensions and, the larger cities of the North and increasing segregationWidespread in the city, literally.
After a white and blacks, and noted that relations between the races, could not achieve any improvement.
With the creation of this idea of racism, was the National Urban League (NUL) as the most important civil rights organization in the 20th century, founded.
Even Marcus Garvey founded Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League and in 1923 had one million users in the United States.
Chapter two assigned to the Great Depression(1928) and the consequences of World War II (1939-45) for the African Great Depression Americans.Verney how a dramatic economic crisis in the world, urban poverty and unemployment and racial discrimination brought.
On the one hand, the administration of Republican President Herbert Hoover, noting Black disasters during the Great Depression and the hands of others, the objectives of national black civil rights organization was influenced by the Great Depression reduced.
Oneimportant African American leader was in 1920 found that the name Philip Randolph. He found the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters (BSCP), which was the first black mayor. Later, in 1935 became president of the National Negro Congress. NNC was created to unite groups of black for the problems of depression. But it was not able to address the problems.
With the victory of free trade in the presidential election, "New Deal" has been renewed in order to giveReform of the public and the economy of the United States during the Great Depression. In 1935, the National Youth Administration set up as a New Deal agency, under the supervision of an African-American.
But in practice, not all agencies of the New Deal were lit, but "New Deal" as a whole for the benefit of African-Americans.
In 1935, an organization of union workers has been formed and has raised the political consciousness of workers blacks. All these changes were the requirement for civil rightsCampaigns.
The Second World War, has had significant results for African-Americans, but the overall effect of this was to continue to move forward the changes in movement during the New Deal in September Served in time of war many blacks in the U.S. army and a greater awareness and therefore also the basis for the war, the expectations were increased, but unfortunately in 1930 years and 1940, there has been little progress race in popular culture.
In the third chapter, he describes the impact of the secondWorld War, the civil rights movement as an important part of the struggle of blacks for freedom and then vernery refers to the process of African American civil rights.
In the middle of 1940, the National Democratic Party was divided on the basis of the racial question, while the northern wing argued for a more liberal stance on civil liberties in the South for the changes to the status quo.
Truman authorized the creation of a Committee on the Rights of the state of race relations in America, this studyHe made the first third party presidential elections. Be assigned in each case, the Committee's recommendations to end racial segregation in transportation, public schools and then in the military.
The emergence of civil rights, at the end of the Second World War was destroyed by the politics of the Cold War.
But help later, encouraging newcomers from the Third World, Afro-American civil rights and anti-communist purges the other hand, the civil rights of approval. CivilRights groups in the 1950 and 1960 focused on issues like voting rights, but because of diseases not respect the civil rights campaigns on issues of poverty and income inequality.
Ultimately, all these changes have made some progress for blacks, but race relations in society's dominant performance.
In this chapter the author also devotes great men like Martin Luther, Elijah Muhammad, Malcolm, Jesse Jackson, but except for a brief mention Ella Baker pf the importance of womenthe movement is virtually ignored.
Chapter 4 of this book is about Black Power in 1965 and 1976. He observed a Black Power adherents believed in black nationalism and the need to use violence as a means to achieve their goals.
Since the result is a group organized Black Power movement of revolutionary action, and then Black Panther Party as an African American organization.
But the most severe repression had destroyed the Black Panthers and the majority of its leaderskilled or imprisoned .when Nixon became president he concentrated on the principle that the law must be color-blind and he support affirmative action, that's why during his time integration of public schools in the South foe the first time took place.
Chapter 5 begins with black condition during 1980s. In the first years if the 1980s blacks achieved political success but Jesse Jackson whom was a candidate of democratic presidential nomination held no elect office at all. But he could Rainbow PUSH and create, which were imposed in the demand for social programs, voting rights and affirmative action. Totally race relations were in American popular culture over the last 25 years of the 20th century reflected.
As a conclusion, one must say, although African-Americans have achieved some successes, but ignores many figures of the civil rights movement in the late 20th century, half the children of blacks still live in poverty, many men color were in prison, E. ...
Verney is capable of important turning points and trends, their causes and consequences to highlight it.
This book is for students and readers who want to have the story about an almanac for African-Americans, is invaluable.
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